INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES

Durand Line	Pakistan and Afghanistan
McMahon Line	India & China
Radcliffe Line	India & Pakistan
Hindenburg Line	Germany & Poland
Mannerhiem Line	Russia & Finland
Maginot Line	Germany & France
30th Parallel	North & South Korea
49th Parallel	USA & Canada

NATIONAL EMBLEM OF SOME IMPORTANT COUNTRIES

Country	Emblem
India	Lioned Capitol
Pakistan	Cresent and star
Bangladesh	water lily
Netherlands	Lion
UK	Rose
USA	Golden rod
Italy	White Lily
Australia	Kangaroo
Newzealand	kiwi
Germany	Com flower
Norway	Lion
France	Lily
Iran	Rose
Spain	Eagle
japan	Chrysanthemum
Canada	Maple Leaf, White Lily

SOME IMPORTANT MONUMENTS OF THE WORLD

Monuments/ Structure	Country
The leaning tower of Pisa	Italy
Kremlin	Russia
Parathanon	Greece
Imperial Palace	Japan
Statue of Liberty	USA
Opera House	Australia
Pyramid	Egypt
Eiffel Tower	France
Wailing Wall	Jerusalem
Great Wall	China
Taj Mahal	India

Cool Facts About Space-10

Fact: If two pieces of metal touch in space, they become permanently stuck together

This may sound unbelievable, but it is true. Two pieces of metal without any coating on them will form in to one piece in the vacuum of space. This doesn’t happen on earth because the atmosphere puts a layer of oxidized material between the surfaces. This might seem like it would be a big problem on the space station but as most tools used there have come from earth, they are already coated with material. In fact, the only evidence of this seen so far has been in experiments designed to provoke the reaction. This process is called cold welding.

Cool Facts About Space-9

Fact: Sunspot activity may be the primary reason for the beautiful sound of Stradivarius violins

Antonio Stradivari is considered to be the greatest violin maker ever. He lived in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. Scientists have been unable to work out what it is about his violins that makes them so incredible, but they do know that the timber used to make them is a very important contributing factor. From the 1500s to 1800s, the earth underwent a little ice age mostly due to increased volcanic activity and decreased solar activity (this is called the Maunder Minimum). As a result of this cooling, the types of trees that Stradivari used for his violins were particularly hard (due to slow growth). Hard timber is especially good when making violins. It is very probable that had Stradivari lived in a different age, his violins would not be prized as they are today.

Cool Facts About Space-8

Fact: Earth has at least 4 moons

Okay – that is not actually true – but it is very close. In 1986, Duncan Waldron discovered a asteroid (5km across) that is in an elliptic orbit around the sun with a period of revolution virtually identical to that of Earth. For this reason the planetoid and earth appear to be following each other. The periodic planetoid is named Cruithne (pronounced krin-y?) after an ancient group of Scottish people (also known as the Picts). Because of its unusual relationship with Earth, it is sometimes referred to as Earth’s second moon. Cruithne, is fainter than Pluto and would require at least a 12.5 inch reflecting telescope to attempt to be seen. Since its discovery, at least three other similar asteroids have been discovered. These types of objects are also found in similar relationships to other planets in our Solar System.

Cool Facts About Space-7

Fact: Uranus was originally called George’s Star

When Sir William Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781, he was given the honor of naming it. He chose to name it Georgium Sidus (George’s Star) after his new patron, King George III (Mad King George). This is what he said:

In the fabulous ages of ancient times the appellations of Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn were given to the Planets, as being the names of their principal heroes and divinities. In the present more philosophical era it would hardly be allowable to have recourse to the same method and call it Juno, Pallas, Apollo or Minerva, for a name to our new heavenly body. The first consideration of any particular event, or remarkable incident, seems to be its chronology: if in any future age it should be asked, when this last-found Planet was discovered? It would be a very satisfactory answer to say, ‘In the reign of King George the Third.’

Uranus was also the first planet to be discovered with the use of a telescope.

Cool Facts About Space-6

Fact: The Big Dipper is not a constellation, it is an Asterism

Many people consider the big dipper to be a constellation but, in fact, it is an asterism. An asterism is a pattern of stars in the sky which is not one of the official 88 constellations; they are also composed of stars which are not physically related to each other and can be vast distances apart. An asterism can be composed of stars from one or more constellations – in the case of the Big Dipper, it is composed entirely of the seven brightest stars in the Ursa Major (Great Bear) constellation.

Cool Facts About Space-5

Fact: The Sun loses up to a billion kilograms a second due to solar winds

Solar winds are charged particles that are ejected from the upper surface of the sun due to the high temperature of the corona and the high kinetic energy particles gain through a process that is not well understood at this time. Also, did you know that 1 pinhead of the sun’s energy is enough to kill a person at a distance of 160 kilometers?

Cool Facts About Space-4

Fact: The light hitting the earth right now is 30 thousand years old

The energy in the sunlight we see today started out in the core of the Sun 30,000 years ago – it spent most of this time passing through the dense atoms that make the sun and just 8 minutes to reach us once it had left the Sun! The temperature at the core of the sun is 13,600,000 kelvins. All of the energy produced by fusion in the core must travel through many successive layers to the solar photosphere before it escapes into space as sunlight or kinetic energy of particles.

Cool Facts About Space-3

Fact: The moon is drifting away from Earth

Every year the moon moves about 3.8cm further away from the Earth. This is caused by tidal effects. Consequently, the earth is slowing in rotation by about 0.002 seconds per day per century. Scientists do not know how the moon was created, but the generally accepted theory suggests that a large Mars sized object hit the earth causing the Moon to splinter off.

Cool Facts About Space-2

Fact: We are moving through space at the rate of 530km a second

Our Galaxy – the Milky Way is spinning at a rate of 225 kilometers per second. In addition, the galaxy is travelling through space at the rate of 305 kilometers per second. This means that we are traveling at a total speed of 530 kilometers (330 miles) per second. That means that in one minute you are about 19 thousand kilometers away from where you were. Scientists do not all agree on the speed with which the Milky Way is travelling – estimates range from 130 – 1,000 km/s. It should be said that Einstein’s theory of relativity, the velocity of any object through space is not meaningful.

Cool Facts About Space-1

Fact: If you put Saturn in water it would float

The density of Saturn is so low that if you were to put it in a giant glass of water it would float. The actual density of Saturn is 0.687 g/cm3 while the density of water is 0.998 g/cm3. At the equator Saturn has a radius of 60,268 ± 4 km – which means you would need an extremely large glass of water to test this out.

Remarkable Facts About Physics-10

The amount of sunlight reaching the earth's surface is 6,000 times the amount of energy used by all human beings worldwide. The total amount of fossil fuel used by humans since the start of civilization is equivalent to less than 30 days of sunshine.

Remarkable Facts About Physics-9

Some people who have two or more different kinds of fillings in their teeth are able to hear high-power AM broadcast stations when located within a few hundred feet of the stations. In such cases, the radio waves act upon the teeth fillings in such a way that the electromagnetic oscillations get transformed to mechanical vibrations in the person's head, and these are heard as sound. 

Remarkable Facts About Physics-8

The Eiffel Tower is 15cm taller in summer because of thermal expansion. 

Remarkable Facts About Physics-7

In 1936 Professor Alfred Gaydon underwent surgery on his eyes after an accident. When his sight began to return he found that he could see ultra-violet light, which is normally beyond the visible spectrum of humans. This helped in his work as a physicist, but it did distort how he saw other colours! 

Remarkable Facts About Physics-6

Cats can see clearly in one-sixth the amount of light we humans would need. This is due to a special layer of cells at the back of their retinas, which acts like a mirror, reflecting light back to the retina's cells. 

Remarkable Facts About Physics-5

A TV screen shows 24 pictures a second. Because a fly sees 200 images a second, it would see TV as still pictures with darkness in between. 

Remarkable Facts About Physics-4

Whales talk to each other by making a loud clicking noise. The sound waves travel extremely well underwater so they can hear each other from 100 miles away. 

Remarkable Facts About Physics-3

12 Astronauts have walked on the moon, bringing back 382 kilograms of rocks, pebbles, sand and dust between them.

Remarkable Facts About Physics-2

If every star in the Milky Way was a grain of salt they would fill an Olympic sized swimming pool. 

Remarkable Facts About Physics-1

When a flea jumps, the rate of acceleration is 20 times that of the space shuttle during launch.

SUPERLATIVES-WORLD(PART-III)

Tallest Minaret	Great Hassan Mosque, morocco
Deepest and biggest ocean	The pacific
Largest Palace	Imperial Palace, China
Largest park	National Park, Greenland
largest peninsula	arabia
Coldest place	Vrkhoyansk, Siberia
dryest place	Death valley, California
Hottest place	Al-Aziziyah
Largest planet	Jupiter
Brightest and hottest planet near to earth	Venus
Farthest planet from sun	Neptune
Nearest planet to sun	Mercury
Smallest planet	Mercury
Highest plateau	Pamir(Tibet)
Longest platform(Railway)	Kharagpur, west bengal
Largest platform(Railway)	Grand central terminal, Newyork
Largest Port	Port of Newyork and New Jersey
Bussiest port	Rotterdam
Longest River	Nile, Amazon

SUPERLATIVES-WORLD(PART-II)

Largest dam	Grand Coulee-Concrete Dam
longest day	June. 21
Shortest day	Dec. 22
Largest delta	Sundarbans, India
Largest desert in world	Sahara, Africa
Largest diamond	The cullinan
Biggest dome	Gal Gumbaz(Bizapur)
Longest epic	The Mahabharata
Largest island	Greenland
Largest lake(artificial)	Lake Mead, Bouler
Deepest lake	Baikal(Siberia)
Highest lake	Titicaca, Bolivia
Largest lake(fresh water)	lake superior, USA
Largest lake(salt water)	Caspian sea
Biggest library	National Kiev Library, Moscow
Largest mosque	Jama Masjid, Delhi
Highest mountain peak(world)	Everest(Nepal)
Highest mountain range	Himalayas
Longest mountain range	Andes(S. America)
Biggest museum	British museum(London)
Tallest Minaret(Free Standing)	Qutub Minar, Delhi

SUPERLATIVES-WORLD(PART-I)

Tallest animal on land	Giraffe
Biggest Bell	Great Bell at Moscow
Fastest bird	Swift
Largest bird	Ostrich
Smallest bird	Humming bird
Longest brigde(Railway)	Lower Zambeji(Africa)
Tallest building	Taipei 101(Taiwan)
Tallest office building	Petronas twin towers(Kaula Lumpur)
Longest big ship canal	Suez canal
Bussiest canal(ship)	Baltic white sea canal
Biggest cinema house	Roxy(New York)
Highest city	Wen Chuan(Tibet)
Largest city in population	Tokyo
Biggest city in area	Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia
Largest continent	Asia
Smallest continent	Australia
Highest country	Tibet
Largest country in population	China
Largest country in area	Russia
Largest coral formation	The Crear Barrier reef(Australia)